The intestine produces a number of hormones and biologically active substances that can stimulate insulin secretion by the pancreas.

One of them is the 1-like peptide glucagon (GLP-1 for its initials in English). This peptide is produced by L cells, at the end of the small intestine called the ileum.

Its major nutrient stimuli are mostly carbohydrates and release active secretion and insulin production and proliferation of pancreatic beta cells, responsible for producing insulin. Currently surgery Duodenal-jejunal bypass has been developed to address metabolic problems such as cholesterol, triglycerides and high glucose with almost 100% of good results. In these cases, patients were not morbidly obese but overweight discreetly and some of normal weight.

The results indicate that in passing the food through the duodenojejunal region are a series of hormonal processes that tend to raise levels of blood sugar. With the reduction in this metabolic process through the new bypass that we do, improves glycemic control. The hormonal changes that involve surgery produces a significant decrease in levels of leptin (a hormone produced primarily by fat cells) and, more mild, glucagon (acting on the metabolism of carbohydrates).

There can also be complications. These are unplanned events linked to the operation. Some complications are infection, too much bleeding, reaction to anesthesia, or accidental injury. Some people have a greater risk of complications because of other medical conditions.

Your surgeon can tell you how you might feel and what you will be able to do—or not do—the first few days, weeks, or months after surgery. Some other questions to ask are

* How long you will be in the hospital
* What kind of supplies, equipment, and help you might need when you go home
* When you can go back to work
* When it is ok to start exercising again
* Are they any other restrictions in your activities

Following your surgeon’s advice can help you recover as soon as possible.

How to measure obesity?
The most practical way to determine the degree of obesity of an individual, is to calculate the  Index Body Mass (IBM).

The BMI is the number of kilos per square meter of body surface and can easily be calculated by dividing weight by height in meters squared. Although the BMI does not measure body fat actually tends to relate well with the degree of obesity. Therefore, should not be used alone for diagnosis, but can be useful as a general guide.

The HCG diet plan has worked wonders for many people. The plan’s ability to melt away excess fat and re-sculpture the body by eliminating those intense food cravings, the constant hunger, and the low metabolism of the overweight, is legendary. Unfortunately, the fear of needles kept many people from losing weight with the plan. If it wasn’t fear of the needle, it was fear of mixing the product incorrectly.

An entire industry was build around people who would coach others in how to prepare injections of HCG. The drops have eliminated these problems. They are simply placed under the tongue. Now love handles, spare tires, and saddlebag thighs can be a thing of the past. Anyone can lose their excess weight and start leading a healthier, longer life by using HCG safely and easily without ever having to touch a needle.

* Breast: increase or decrease the size of the breasts or sagging breasts remodeling
* Ears: reduce the size of large ears closer to the head or ears are outstanding
* Eyes: correcting upper eyelid drooping or remove bags under the eyes
* Face: removing facial wrinkles, creases and acne scars
* Hair: fill in areas of baldness with hair own
* Nose: change the shape of the nose
* Abdomen: reduce the size of the abdomen

Causes and Risk Factors
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) causes a slow increase in the number of white blood cells called B lymphocytes or B cells in the bone marrow. Cancer cells spread from the marrow to the blood and may also affect the lymph nodes and other organs like the liver and spleen. This type of leukemia eventually causes the bone marrow, causing low blood counts, and weakens the immune system.

It is not known why this increase in B cells and there is no link to radiation, chemical carcinogens or viruses.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia mainly affects adults. The average age of a patient with this type of leukemia is 70 years and rarely seen in people younger than 40 years. The disease is more common in Jews of Russian or Eastern Europe and is rare in Asians.
Symptoms
Symptoms

Symptoms usually develop slowly over time. Many cases of CLL are detected by blood tests done in people for other reasons or who have no symptoms.

Symptoms that may occur include:

* Abnormal bruising (occurs in the later stages of the disease)
* Swollen lymph linfáticosInflamación of the lymph nodes, liver or spleen
* ExcesivaSudoración excessive sweating, cold sweats
* FatigaFatiga
* Fever
* Infections that keep coming back (recurring)
* InapetenciaInapetencia or feeling full too quickly (early satiety)
* Unintentional weight loss

Causes and Risk Factors
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is one of the most common types of leukemia among adults and is a type of cancer is rare in people under 40 years. It usually occurs around 65 years and is more common in men than in women. (This article focuses myelogenous leukemia in adults).

People with this type of cancer have abnormal cells inside their bone marrow, which grow very fast, and replace healthy blood cells. The bone marrow, which helps the body fight infections, eventually stops working correctly. People with this type of leukemia become more prone to infections and have an increased risk for bleeding as the numbers of healthy blood cells decrease.

In most cases, the doctor can not determine the cause of this type of leukemia, however, it is believed that these things lead to some types of leukemia, including acute myelogenous leukemia:

* Certain chemicals (benzene)
Quimioterapéuticosquimioterapéuticos * Certain drugs, including etoposide and drugs known as alkylating agents
* Radiation

Also, problems with your genes may also play a role in the development of this condition.

You have an increased risk for AML if you have or had any of the following situations:

* A weakened immune system (inmunodepresióninmunodepresión) due to an organ transplant
* Blood disorders, such as:
or polycythemia vera verapolicitemia
or essential thrombocythemia
or myelodysplasia (refractory anemiaanemia)
* Exposure to radiation and chemicals

Symptoms
* Abnormal Menstrual Periods anormalesPeríodos
* NasalHemorragia nasal hemorrhage
* Bleeding Gums sangrantesEncías
* Formation of hematomas
* Pain and tenderness and sensitivity óseaDolor bone
* FatigaFatiga
* FiebreFiebre
* PalidezPalidez
* EncíasInflamación Swollen gums (rare)
* Difficulty breathing respirarDificultad that worsens with exercise
* Rash or pielErupción injury or skin lesion
* Weight Loss pesoPérdida

Signs and tests
The doctor will perform a physical exam. There may be signs of a swollen spleen, liver or lymph nodes.

A complete blood count (CSCCSC) shows anemia and low platelet numbers, while a white blood cell count white blood cell sanguíneosconteo can be high, low or normal.

Medularaspirado marrow aspirate will show whether there are any leukemia cells.

If your doctor learns you do have this type of leukemia, will be carried out additional tests to determine the specific type of AML. There are eight subtypes of AML, ranging from M0 to M7, based on which blood cells are abnormal.
Treatment
Treatment

Treatment involves using medicines to kill cancer cells, which is called quimioterapiaquimioterapia, but this procedure also eliminates normal cells. This may cause side effects such as excessive bleeding and increased risk of infection. It is possible that the doctor will keep you away from others to prevent infection.

Other treatments for AML may include:

* Antibiotics to treat infection
* ÓseaTrasplante marrow transplant bone marrow or stem cell
* Red blood cell transfusions to fight anemia
* Plaquetasplaquetas transfusions to control bleeding

Most types of AML are treated the same way. However, a form of leukemia called acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is treated with a drug called tretinoin, or acid all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA, for its acronym in English). This medicine helps the leukemia cells become normal white blood cells.

The drug arsenic trioxide is approved for use in patients with APL who do not get better with ATRA or chemotherapy.

In acute leukemia, cancerous cells multiply quickly and replace normal cells. The cancer cells take over normal parts of the bone marrow, often causing low blood counts.

Most cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia has no obvious cause, but the following may play a role in the development of leukemia:

* Certain chromosomal problems
* Exposure to radiation or exposure to X-rays before birth
* Treatment with drugs past quimioterapéuticosquimioterapéuticos
* To receive a bone marrow transplant
* ToxinasToxinas as benzene

People with Down syndrome or other genetic disorders or who have a sibling with leukemia have an increased risk of acute lymphocytic leukemia.

Symptoms
A person with ALL is more likely to bleed and have infections because there are fewer blood cells and platelets. Can be life-threatening symptoms.

* Pain or tenderness in bones and joints
* Prone to bruising and bleeding (bleeding gums, bleeding from the skin, nasal bleeding, menstrual irregularities menstrualesirregularidades)
* Feeling weak or tired
* FiebreFiebre
* Loss of appetite and weight loss
* PalidezPalidez
* Pain or fullness below the ribs
* RojasPequeñas Tiny red spots on the skin (petechiae)
* Swollen glands (linfoadenopatíalinfoadenopatía) in the neck, underarm and groin
* Night sweats

Note: These symptoms can occur with other conditions. Talk to your doctor about the meaning of their symptoms.

The term “leukemia” literally means “white blood.” White blood cells (leukocytes) are produced in the bone marrow and the body uses to fight infections and other foreign substances.

Leukemia leads to an uncontrollable increase in the number of immature white blood cells (or blasts).

Over time, these cancerous blasts fill the bone marrow and prevent the occurrence of red blood cells, platelets and mature white blood cells (leukocytes) healthy. Then, there may be life-threatening symptoms.

Blasts pouring out of the marrow into the bloodstream and lymphatic system. They may also travel to the brain and spinal cord (central nervous system) and other body parts.

Leukemias are divided into two major types:

* Acute (which progresses quickly with many immature white blood cells)
* Chronic (which progresses more slowly and has more mature white blood cells)

For information about a specific type of leukemia, see the following topics:

* Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
* Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
* Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
* Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
* Hairy cell leukemia